Among the components of chewing gum, ester gum accounts for about 25%, and sugar and other parts account for about 75%. The quality of the ester gum matrix directly affects the quality of the chewing gum. As regards only 0.5-2.0% of the perfume portion, it has a close relationship with the viscoelasticity of the ester rubber, and also affects the quality of the chewing gum.
The main ingredient of chewing gum
1. Ester paste matrix
(1) Sugar gum. The chewing gum ester gum base is made using the properties of chicle gum, and the gum gum is taken from the sap of the Korean pine family. Most of the world's total output of chicle is from Mexico and Honduras. The main components of the gum resin are guar gum (polyisoprene) and resin (consisting of triterpenes and sterols). Through the appropriate proportion of the elasticity of gutta percha and the plasticity of the resin, the soft chewing sensation of the chewing gum can be obtained. Gum gum is the best chewing gum base, but the gum yield is very low and the price is high.
(2) Processing sugar gum base. Processing gum refers to the addition of natural gums or other natural gums or vinyl acetate resins, plasticizers, calcium carbonate, etc., as well as a matrix of other ingredients. The natural gums used as substitutes for chicle gourd are most famous for Jaudun gum produced in Java, Sumatra and Borneo. As for other gums, the output is small and the industrial value is small. The standard composition of the resin base processed with the hot resin as the main component is 4 to 9% of gutta percha, 91 to 96% of ester gum, and 0 to 2% of ash; the standard of softening point is 74 to 87°C, and the substandard product is added with carbonic acid. Calcium and other extenders.
(3) Polyvinyl acetate. Japan used polyvinyl acetate as a chewing gum base after the war, and it also treated it as a representative raw material. Polyvinyl acetate should have a good degree of polymerization of 200-700, and it should be of a relatively low degree of polymerization with a branched molecular structure. This will make the finished product soft and chewing gum. The bubble gum polymerization should be 500 to 600, and the plate gum should be 200 to 400. In general, the higher the degree of polymerization, the more elastic, but plasticizers are added. However, a degree of polymerization of 200 does not require the addition of a plasticizer. The chicles are hydrophobic substances. In contrast, vinyl acetate is a hydrophilic substance. Vinyl acetate is not as good as chicle to retain aroma, but graft polymerization can also be carried out in order to make vinyl acetate close to the role of chicle. This polymer is the main component of a synthetic gum base and can be used to make chewing gum.
(4) Polyisobutylene. Polyisobutylene is a typical non-polar polymer. When used as a chewing gum base, it can be used as a supplement for vinyl acetate by utilizing its elasticity.
(5) vinegar gum. Vinegar is a vinegar made by reacting turpentine with glycerine. It can be used as a film to strengthen bubble gum.
(6) plasticizers. Plasticizers are the following three types of microcrystalline wax. Microcrystalline wax is a wax made from petroleum refining and then extracted from the wax to make its microcrystalline part. Microcrystalline wax can impart softness and lubricity to chewing gum, and in the winter it can be used to prevent brittleness of finished products. 2 Waxes. In addition to the plasticizers described above, candied wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, paraffin, and the like can also be used, which all serve to enhance the plasticity of the chewing gum. As for the use of vegetable fats, phosphatidylcholine, monoglyceride, and spices, it can also serve to soften chewing gum. 3 Synthetic plasticizers, synthetic plasticizers Dibutyl phthalate is permitted in Japan. (d, b, p), butyroyl butyl glycol poly (b, p, b, g), acetyl ricinoleic acid methyl ester (m, c, r), polybutene and other additives.
(7) Fillers. The fine powder of calcium carbonate or talc used as the filler can suppress the elasticity of the chewing gum appropriately, and also prevent the stickiness of the chewing gum itself.
2. Other raw materials
(1) Sugar and other sugars. Sugar is also one of the important raw materials for chewing gum, and it is better to use fine powdered sugar of 250 mesh or more. The same applies to glucose and starch sugar. The smaller the particle size, the more lubricated the finished product.
(2) spices. The quality of the flavoring in chewing gum is also one of the most important reasons that determine the value of chewing gum products, and it is also used more than when used in cakes. About 1% is used when making chewing gum, and about 0.6-0.8% when making bubble gum. In the past, oily perfumes were used to maintain affinity with the gum base. However, it does not adjust the chewing gum scent. The purpose of the chewing gum is to sustain its scenting time while also presenting its flavor. Therefore, powder spices are often used simultaneously. Powder spices have a quick effect. The dispersibility of saliva is good, there is no local concentration change, and the taste is good. Commonly used spices are peppermint oil, peppermint oil, and fruits. There are also coffee, mint, wine or dried plums.
(3) Surfactants, antioxidants, artificial sweeteners, food colors, and humectants. Wetting agents include sorbitol and glycerin. In addition, vitamins, etc.
